Hard-extracted reserves, unconventional hydrocarbon sources
| Article # 33_2024 | submitted on 07/11/2024 displayed on website on 11/05/2024 |
| 29 p. | Ivanov D.A. |
| Geological characteristics, fluids properties and technological production aspects of the world’s largest extra heavy oil Orinoco basin | |
| The world's largest heavy oil Orinoco basin has unique oil characteristics. Previous studies of its biomarkers have demonstrated that oils are subject to varying degrees of biodegradation. Oils belong to the same source with the same degree of maturity. The paper presents actual data obtained as a result of long-term geological exploration and data collection from past years in Venezuela. New oil samples obtained at different depths made it possible to accurately determine how the oil composition and properties change, depending on the degree of biodegradation and depth. New information, together with existing theories of the formation of ultra-high-viscosity oils, made it possible to form fundamentally different approaches to building PVT-models. A feature of the Orinoco heavy oil basin is the presence of two contacts with water - in the roof and at the base of the heavy oil volume. The contact with less dense fresh water in the roof part has a dominant and determining significance in the oil biodegradation. The cold method of extraction by long horizontal wells has been used for several decades. Oils at new sites turned out to be more viscous due to the high degree of biodegradation, which was not taken into account when preparing development projects. The presented data and approaches will allow more accurate prediction of oil properties and production capabilities in the future. Keywords: extra heavy oil, oil biodegradation, PVT-model, Orinoco heavy oil basin, Venezuela. |
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| article citation | Ivanov D.A. Geologicheskie kharakteristiki, svoystva flyuidov i tekhnologicheskie osobennosti dobychi v samom krupnom v mire Orinokskom basseyne sverkhvysokovyazkoy nefti [Geological characteristics, fluids properties and technological production aspects of the world’s largest extra heavy oil Orinoco basin]. Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya I Praktika, 2024, vol. 19, no. 4, available at: https://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2024/33_2024.html EDN: DMAYUM |
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Marcos J., Pardo E., Casas J., Delgado D., Rondon M., Exposito M., Zerpa L, Ichbia J., Bellorini J. Static and dynamic models of formation water in Sincor area, Orinoco belt, Venezuela. Latin American and Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 15-18 Apr, 2007). DOI: 10.2118/107378-MS
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Meyer R.F., Attanacsi E.D. Heavy oil and natural bitumen - strategic petroleum resources. USGS Fact Sheet FS-070-03, 2003. DOI: 10.3133/fs07003
Mirabal M., Gordillo R., Fuenmayor M., Rojas G., Rodriguez H., Sanehez R. Integrated study for the characterization and development of the MFB-53 reservoir, North Hamaca - Orinoco belt, Venezuela. SPE Latin America - Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, Apr, 1996). DOI: 10.2118/36095-MS
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Wenger L.M., Davis C.L., Isaksen G.H. Multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality. SPE Res Eval & Eng., 2002, vol. 5, issue 05, pp. 375-383. DOI: 10.2118/80168-PA
Zhou S., Huang H., Liu Yu. Biodegradation and origin of oil sands in the Western Canada sedimentary basin. Petroleum Science, 2008, vol. 5, pp. 87-94. DOI: 10.1007/s12182-008-0015-3
Arredondo M., Cermeño L., Quijada E. Geometric analysis of progressive cavity pump single lobe, for the production of extra-crude heavy oil at Huyaparí oil field at Orinoco oil Belt Venezuela. Artificial lift conference - Americas (Cartagena, Colombia, 21-22 May, 2013). DOI: 10.2118/165060-MS
Bennetta B., Jiang C., Larter S.R. Deterioration of oil quality during sample storage: Are stored reservoir core samples a viable resource for oil viscosity determination? Fuel, 2019, vol. 245, 1 June 2019, pp. 115-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.002
Bost F.D., Frontera-Suau R., McDonald T.J., Peters K.E., Morris P.J. Aerobic biodegradation of hopanes and norhopanes in Venezuelan crude oils. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 105-114. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00147-9
Burgos E. C., Peñaranda J., Gonzalez K., Trejo E., Meneses M., Rosales A., Martinez J. Shallow horizontal drilling meets with very extended reach drilling in the Venezuelan Faja. Latin American and Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Maracaibo, Venezuela, 21-23 May, 2014). DOI: 10.2118/169365-MS
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Cocco M.J., Ernández J.E. Reservoir characterization of Junín area, Orinoco oil Belt region, Venezuela. Heavy and extra heavy oil conference - Latin America (Medellin, Colombia, 24-26 Sept, 2014). DOI: 10.2118/171136-MS
Cuadros G., Chamat E.H., Villarroel N., Scrofina J., Cermeño E., Rodriguez O. Improving horizontal well placement in the Orinoco oil Belt with the use of bed boundary mapping technologies. Canada heavy oil technical conference (Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 9-11 June, 2015). DOI: 10.2118/174476-MS
Escobar E., Coll R., Leon-Carrera M.F., Pérez S. Overcoming the challenge of forecasting EOR in giant extra-heavy oil fields. Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference (Abu Dhabi, UAE, 13-16 Nov, 2017). DOI: 10.2118/188657-MS
Gilberto C., Boza S., Romero T.H. Orinoco oil belt well construction using «wells - in - series» technology with horizontal and multilateral trajectory. International thermal operations and heavy oil symposium (Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 12-14 Mar, 2001). DOI: 10.2118/69710-MS
Haeseler F., Levache D., Lamirand B. Reservoir filling paths revealed by kinetic modeling of biodegradation at basin scale. International petroleum technology conference (Doha, Qatar, 6-9 Dec, 2015). DOI: 10.2523/IPTC-18402-MS
Huang H.P., Bennett B., Oldenburg T., Adams J., Larter S.R. Geological controls on the origin of heavy oil and oil sands and their impacts on in situ recovery. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2008, vol. 47, issue 04. DOI: 10.2118/08-04-37
Ivanov D.A., Gudoshnikov A.S., Marquez R. Osobennosti razrabotki bloka mestorozhdeniya sverkhvyazkoy, sverkhtyazheloy nefti na estestvennom rezhime vytesneniya (neftyanoy poyas Orinoko) [Development features of super-viscous, extra-heavy oil field block under natural drive (Orinoco oil belt)]. Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya I Praktika, 2024, vol. 19, no. 3, available at: https://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2024/26_2024.html (In Russ.). EDN: UHHDBZ
Kayukova G.P., Petrov S.M., Uspenskiy B.V. Svoystva tyazhelykh neftey i bitumov permskikh otlozheniy Tatarstana v prirodnykh i tekhnogennykh protsessakh [Properties of Рermian heavy oils and bitumens of Tatarstan in natural and anthropogenic processes]. GEOS, Moscow, 2014, 300 p. (In Russ.).
Khisamov R.S., Gus'kova I.A., Gabdrakhmanov A.T., Sayakhov V.A., Okhotnikova E.S. Sravnitel'nyy analiz neodnorodnosti sostava i svoystv sverkhvyazkoy nefti Ashal'chinskogo mestorozhdeniya na osnove eksperimental'nykh issledovaniy [Тhe comparative analysis of heterogeneity composition and properties of extra-viscous oil of Аshalchinsk field based on experimental researches]. Neftyanoe khozyaystvo, 2019, no. 10, pp. 48-52. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24887/0028-2448-2019-10-48-52
Klavers K., Atkins L. Global heavy crude oil outlook to 2030. Proceedings of 20th World Petroleum Congress (Doha, Qatar, 4-8 Dec, 2011). 2011, pp. WPC-20-0666.
Kopper R., Kupecz J., Curtis C., Cole T., Dorn-Lopez D., Copley J., Munoz A., Calcedo V. Reservoir characterization of the Orinoco heavy oil Belt: Miocene Oficina Formation, Zuata field, Eastern Venezuela basin. International thermal operations and heavy oil symposium (Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 12-14 Mar, 2001). DOI: 10.2118/69697-MS
Landaeta G.S., Valencia L.E. Extra-heavy oil viscosity estimation using PVT and geochemical analyses: applications at Huyapari field, Orinoco heavy oil belt, Venezuela. Latin America and Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2017). DOI: 10.2118/185495-MS
Larter S., Adams J, Gates I.D., Bennett B., Huang H. The origin, prediction and impact of oil viscosity heterogeneity on the production characteristics of tar sand and heavy oil reservoirs. 7th Canadian international petroleum conference. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2006, vol. 47, issue 01. DOI: 10.2118/08-01-52
Layrisse I. Heavy oil production in Venezuela: Historical recap and scenarios for next century. SPE International symposium (Houston, Texas, 16-19 Feb, 1999). DOI: 10.2118/53464-MS
Liu Y., Xie Y., Ma Z., Zhou Y., Wang D. Heavy oil accumulation characteristics of the Orinoco heavy oil belt. Oil and Gas Geology, 2013, 34(3), pp. 315-322. DOI: 10.11743/ogg20130306
López L. Study of the biodegradation levels of oils from the Orinoco oil Belt (Junin area) using different biodegradation scales. Organic Geochemistry, 2014, vol. 66, pp. 60-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.10.014
Marcos J., Pardo E., Casas J., Delgado D., Rondon M., Exposito M., Zerpa L, Ichbia J., Bellorini J. Static and dynamic models of formation water in Sincor area, Orinoco belt, Venezuela. Latin American and Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Buenos Aires, Argentina, 15-18 Apr, 2007). DOI: 10.2118/107378-MS
Masterson W.D., Dzou L.I., Holba A.G., Fincannon A.L., Ellis L. Evidence for biodegradation and evaporative fractionation in West Sak, Kuparuk and Prudhoe Bay field areas, North Slope, Alaska. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 411-441. DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00187-X
Meyer R.F., Attanacsi E.D. Heavy oil and natural bitumen - strategic petroleum resources. USGS Fact Sheet FS-070-03, 2003. DOI: 10.3133/fs07003
Mirabal M., Gordillo R., Fuenmayor M., Rojas G., Rodriguez H., Sanehez R. Integrated study for the characterization and development of the MFB-53 reservoir, North Hamaca - Orinoco belt, Venezuela. SPE Latin America - Caribbean petroleum engineering conference (Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, Apr, 1996). DOI: 10.2118/36095-MS
Mullins O.C., Johansen Y.B., Rinna J., Meyer J., Kenyon-Roberts S., Chen L., Forsythe J.C., Achourov V., Jackson R., Betancourt S.S., Zuo J.Y., Canas J.A. Diverse fluid gradients associated with biodegradation of crude oil. SPWLA 60th Annual Logging Symposium (June 15-19, 2019). 2019. DOI: 10.30632/T60ALS-2019_XX
Peters K.E., Moldowan J.M., Walters C.C. The Biomarker Guide. 2nd edition. Cambridge university press, 2005, vol. 2, 1155 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511524868
Randy A. Downhole electrical heating techniques in the Orinoco oil belt, are they always reliable? Appraisal analysis to Petrocedeño’s pilot project. Nigeria annual international conference and exhibition (Lagos, Nigeria, 4-6 Aug, 2015). DOI: 10.2118/178320-MS
Rodriguez F., Delamaide E., Rousseau D., Bekri S. Which is the most attractive IOR method to produce the Venezuelan highly viscous oil resources in the energy transition era? A comprehensive review of research and field applications. ADIPEC (Abu Dhabi, UAE, 31 Oct - 3 Nov, 2022). DOI: 10.2118/211344-MS
Rodriguez I., Hernandez E., Velasquez R, Fernandez J., Yegres F., Martínez R., Contreras R., Korabelnikov A. Characterization of the stratigraphic Column in an extra heavy oil field to optimize production costs, from the disposal of wastewater effluents to the evaluation of shallow aquifers for water production. Cerro Negro area, Venezuela. International heavy oil conference and exhibition (Kuwait City, Kuwait, 10-12 Dec, 2018). DOI: 10.2118/193732-MS
Sandrea R., Essenfeld M. The future of Venezuela’s oil industry. EPRINC, 2021, available at: https://eprinc.org
Santos R.G., Loh W., Bannwart A.C., Trevisa O.V. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, vol. 31, no. 03, pp. 571-590. DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00001853
Schenk C.J., Cook T.A., Charpentier R.R., Pollastro R.M., Klett T.R., Tennyson M.E., Kirschbaum M.A., Brownfield M.E., Pitman J.K. An estimate of recoverable heavy oil resources of the Orinoco oil belt, Venezuela. USGS Fact Sheet FS-2009-30-28, 2009. DOI: 10.3133/fs20093028
Timonina N.N., P'yankov V.V. Yaregskoe mestorozhdenie tyazheloy nefti: istoriya razrabotki i perspektivy razvitiya [Yarega heavy oil field: the history of development and prospects]. Vestnik instituta geologii Komi nauchnogo tsentra Ural'skogo otdeleniya RAN, 2018, no. 7 (283), pp. 41-48. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2018-7-41-48
Trebolle R.L., Chalot J.P., Colmenares R. The Orinoco heavy-oil belt pilot projects and development strategy. International thermal operations symposium (Bakersfield, CA, USA, 8-10 Feb, 1993). DOI: 10.2118/25798-MS
Vasquez M. Cerro Negro Development: A Success Story...From Inception To Execution. SPE international thermal operations and heavy oil symposium and international horizontal well technology conference (Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 4-7 Nov, 2002). DOI: 10.2118/79006-MS
Villarroel T., Hernández R. Technological developments for enhancing extra heavy oil productivity in fields of the Faja Petrolifera del Orinoco (FPO), Venezuela. AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 19-22, 2013). 2023, 41 р.
Wenger L.M., Davis C.L., Isaksen G.H. Multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality. SPE Res Eval & Eng., 2002, vol. 5, issue 05, pp. 375-383. DOI: 10.2118/80168-PA
Zhou S., Huang H., Liu Yu. Biodegradation and origin of oil sands in the Western Canada sedimentary basin. Petroleum Science, 2008, vol. 5, pp. 87-94. DOI: 10.1007/s12182-008-0015-3