Goleij F.
goleijf1371@gmail.com
Area of scientific interests: geophysics, sedimentology.
Author of 3 publications.
Regional petroleum geology
| Article # 23_2026 | submitted on 06/15/2026 displayed on website on 09/18/2026 |
| 27 p. | Goleij F., Khafizov S.F. |
| Formation conditions of unconventional carbonate petroleum reservoirs based on the study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of cold and hot spring waters in carbonate-evaporite systems in the Abgarm and Garab areas of northeast Iran | |
| This study analyzes the formation conditions of promising petroleum reservoir rocks–travertines and calcareous tuffs–by studying the processes controlling the hydrogeochemical evolution of spring waters. This study examines two areas of the Kopet Dagh sedimentary basin (Abgarm and Garab), where these conditions can be studied beneath surface outcrops, with an emphasis on water-rock interactions. In Abgarm, the physicochemical properties of the water change with increasing distance from the spring, leading to increased mineralization, conductivity, and dissolved solids. Water in the Garab springs is characterized by higher mineralization and a more stable composition. Abgarm tuffs have been shown to have a porous structure formed by the activity of plants, algae, and microbial mats. Garab travertines are characterized by a predominantly dense, layered, and stratified structure formed under hot spring conditions. Thus, the studied areas demonstrate two types of continental carbonate strata, differing in their structural and potential reservoir properties. The limestone tuff in Abgarm, formed by biological action and the formation of porous and interconnected structures, exhibits the best reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of the travertine in Garab are primarily determined by its density and layered structure. The obtained results support the idea that Abgarm and Garab are surface analogs of continental carbonate reservoirs and indicate that the formation and structure features of these strata can be used to predict the distribution of spatial porosity and permeability in similar petroleum basins. Keywords: continental carbonate strata, calcareous tufa, travertine, petroleum reservoir rocks, hot spring, mineralization, Abgarm, Garab, Kopet Dagh sedimentary basin, northeastern Iran. |
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| article citation | Goleij F., Khafizov S.F. Formation conditions of unconventional carbonate petroleum reservoirs based on the study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of cold and hot spring waters in carbonate-evaporite systems in the Abgarm and Garab areas of northeast Iran. Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya I Praktika, 2026, vol. 21, no. 3, available at: https://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2026/23_2026.html EDN: WDSWUX |
References
Afshar Harb A. Kopet Dagh Geology. Geology of Iran Book Project, 1994, no. 11, 275 p. (In Persian).
Aghanabati S. A. Geology of Iran. Publications of the Geological and Mineral Exploration Organization of the country, 2010, Third, 583 p. (In Persian).
Alexandrowicz W.P., Szymanek M., Rybska E. Molluscan assemblages from Holocene calcareous tufa and their significance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. A study in the Pieniny Mountains (Carpathians, Southern Poland). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 37-54.
An outlier of Yellowstone's thermal areas: the travertine of Mammoth Hot Springs. U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, July 11, available at: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/outlier-yellowstones-thermal-areas-travertine-mammoth-hot-springs
Arnórsson S. Deposition of calcium carbonate minerals from geothermal waters - theoretical considerations. Geothermics, 1989, vol. 18, is. 1-2, pp. 33-39. DOI: 10.1016/0375-6505(89)90007-2
Berberian M., King G.C.P. Toward a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences, 1981, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 210-265. DOI: 10.1139/e81-019
Capezzuoli E., Gandin A., Pedley M. Decoding tufa and travertine (freshwater carbonates) in the sedimentary record: The state of the art. Sedimentology, 2014, vol. 61, issiue 1, pp. 1-21. DOI: 10.1111/sed.12075
Chitsazan M., Vardanjani Karimi H., Karimi H., Mohammadi Z. Study of the extent of karst development in the desert regions of eastern Iran using stable isotopes. First National Conference on the Application of Stable Isotopes, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 2013, pp. 1-10. (In Persian).
Claes H., Marques Erthal M., Soete J., Özkul M., Swennen R. Shrub and pore type classification: Petrography of travertine shrubs from the Ballık-Belevi area (Denizli, SW Turkey. Quaternary International, 2017, vol. 437, pp. 147-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.002
Claes H., Soete J., Van Noten K., El Desouky H., Marques Erthal M., Vanhaecke F., Özkul M., Swennen R. Sedimentology, three-dimensional geobody reconstruction and carbon dioxide origin of Pleistocene travertine deposits in the Ballık area (south-west Turkey). Sedimentology, 2015, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1408-1445. DOI: 10.1111/sed.12188
Datta P.S., Tyagi S.K. Major ion chemistry of groundwater in Delhi area: Chemical weathering processes and groundwater regime. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 1996, vol. 47, P. 179-188. DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/1996/470205
Eftekharnejad J. Classification of different parts of Iran based on structural characteristics in relation to sedimentary basins. Journal of the Petroleum Association, 1980, no. 82, pp. 19-28 (In Persian).
Ford T.D., Pedley H.M. A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world. Earth Science Review, 1996, vol. 4, pp. 117-175. DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X
Garcia F., Pla-Pueyo S., Nieto L.M. Sedimentalogy of geomorphologically controlled Quaternary tufas in a valley in southern Spain. Facies, 2014, vol. 60, pp. 53-72. DOI: 10.1007/s10347-013-0361-5
Garrels R.M., Mackenzie F.T. Evolution of sedimentary rocks. 1st ed. New York: Norton, 1971, XVI, 397 p.
Goudarzi Zadeh A., Khan Nasra Esfahani A., Kangazian A. Lithostratigraphic correspondence of travertines of Mount Takhte Sorkh in Ardestan and north of the village of Vertun, northeast of Isfahan. Second Conference on Earth Sciences, Ashtian, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch, 2011, pp. 147-154 (In Persian).
Hounslow A.W. Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. Florida: CRC Press LLC, 1995, 416 p.
Jalali M. Stalinization of groundwater in arid and semi-arid zones: an example Tajarak, western Iran. Environment Geology, 2007, vol. 52, pp. 1133-1149. DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0551-3
Karimpour M.H., Stern C.R., Farmer G.L. Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Sr–Nd isotope analyses, and petrogenetic study of the Dehnow diorite and Kuhsangi granodiorite (Paleo-Tethys), NE Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2010, vol. 37, pp. 384-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.11.001
Kele S., Özkul M., Gökgöz A., Fórizs I., Baykara M.O., Alçiçek M.C., Németh T. Stable isotope geochemical study of Pamukkale travertines: new evidence of low temperature non-equilibrium calcite-water fractionation. Sedimentary Geology, 2011, vol. 238, pp. 191-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.04.015
Leybourne M.I., Betcher R.N., Mcritchie W.D., Kaszycki C.A., Boyle D.R. Geochemistry and stable isotopic composition of tufa waters and precipitates from the Interlake Region, Manitoba, Canada: Constraints on groundwater origin, calcitization, and tufa formation. Chemical Geology, 2009, vol. 260, pp. 221-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.024
Mansori Daneshvar M.R., Pourali M. Hydrogeochemical and geomorphological investigation of travertine deposition in the Garab Spring region, NE Iran. Sustainability of integrated water resources management, 2015, vol. 1, pp. 253-262. DOI: 10.1007/s40899-015-0021-8
Mohammadi A., Kazemi G.A. Influence of geological formations on groundwater quality in the Shoghan Plain aquifer (North Khorasan). Earth Sciences, 2011, no. 90, pp. 55-62 (In Persian).
Mor M., Roshanak R., Keshavarzi B. Morphological and petrographic study of travertine deposits around of Qarveh, Bijar, and Takab. 16th Conference of the Geological Society of Iran, Shiraz, Geological Society of Iran, Shiraz University, 2012, pp. 1-8 (In Persian).
Nakhaei M. Introduction to Groundwater. Arad Publishing, 2nd edition, 2012, 183 p. (In Persian).
Narayanan Nair V. Hydrochemical modeling. Proceedings of the International NGRI Symposium, Hyderabad, 1989, vol. 7, pp. 903-906.
Piper A.M. A graphical interpretation of water analysis. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1944, vol. 25, issue 6, pp. 914-928. DOI: 10.1029/TR025i006p00914
Rahmani Javanmard S., Tooti F., Omidian P., Ranjbaran M. Mineralogy and genesis of ridge-rift type travertines and Abe-esk veins based on petrographic studies and carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses. Iranian Geological Quarterly, 2012, no. 11, pp. 51-61.
Ritter S.M., Isenbeck-Schröter M., Schröder-Ritzrau A., Scholz C., Frank N. Geochemical insights into an active calcareous tufa depositing system in Southern Germany. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2017, vol. 17, pp. 328-331. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.083
Ronchi P., Cruciani F. Continental carbonates as a hydrocarbon reservoir, an analog case study from the travertine of Saturnia, Italy. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 711-734. DOI: 10.1306/10021414026
Shuster E.T., White W.B. Seasonal fluctuations in the chemistry of limestone springs, a possible means for characterizing carbonate aquifer. Journal of Hydrogeology, 1971, vol. 14, pp. 93-128. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1694(71)90001-1
Soete J., Kleipool L.M., Claes H., Claes S., Hamaekers H., Kele S., Özkul M., Foubert A., Reijmer J.J.G., Swennen R. Acoustic properties in travertines and their relation to porosity and pore types. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, vol. 59, pp. 320-335. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.09.004
Szramek K., McIntosh J.C., Williams E.L., Kanduc T., Ogrinc N., Walter L.M. Relative weathering intensity of calcite versus dolomite in carbonate‐bearing temperate zone watersheds: Carbonate geochemistry and fluxes from catchments within the St. Lawrence and Danube River basins. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2007, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1-26. DOI: 10.1029/2006GC001337
Taherpour Khalil Abad M., Conrad M.A., Aryaei A.A., Ashouri A.R. Barremian-Aptian Dasycladalean algae, new and revisited, from the Tirgan Formation in the Kopet Dagh, NE Iran. Notebooks on Geology, 2010, no. 5, pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.4267/2042/33368
Wright P., Tosca N. A geochemical model for the formation of the pre-salt reservoirs, Santos Basin, Brazil: implications for understanding reservoir distribution. AAPG Search and Discovery, 2016, June 19-22, Article 51304.
Zeraatkar K., Rahimi B. Survey of Sangbast-Shandiz fault zone growth and geomorphological results. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 2013, vol. 10, is. 2, no. 19. DOI: 10.22067/geography. v0i0.23246
Aghanabati S. A. Geology of Iran. Publications of the Geological and Mineral Exploration Organization of the country, 2010, Third, 583 p. (In Persian).
Alexandrowicz W.P., Szymanek M., Rybska E. Molluscan assemblages from Holocene calcareous tufa and their significance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. A study in the Pieniny Mountains (Carpathians, Southern Poland). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 37-54.
An outlier of Yellowstone's thermal areas: the travertine of Mammoth Hot Springs. U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, July 11, available at: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/news/outlier-yellowstones-thermal-areas-travertine-mammoth-hot-springs
Arnórsson S. Deposition of calcium carbonate minerals from geothermal waters - theoretical considerations. Geothermics, 1989, vol. 18, is. 1-2, pp. 33-39. DOI: 10.1016/0375-6505(89)90007-2
Berberian M., King G.C.P. Toward a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences, 1981, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 210-265. DOI: 10.1139/e81-019
Capezzuoli E., Gandin A., Pedley M. Decoding tufa and travertine (freshwater carbonates) in the sedimentary record: The state of the art. Sedimentology, 2014, vol. 61, issiue 1, pp. 1-21. DOI: 10.1111/sed.12075
Chitsazan M., Vardanjani Karimi H., Karimi H., Mohammadi Z. Study of the extent of karst development in the desert regions of eastern Iran using stable isotopes. First National Conference on the Application of Stable Isotopes, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 2013, pp. 1-10. (In Persian).
Claes H., Marques Erthal M., Soete J., Özkul M., Swennen R. Shrub and pore type classification: Petrography of travertine shrubs from the Ballık-Belevi area (Denizli, SW Turkey. Quaternary International, 2017, vol. 437, pp. 147-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.002
Claes H., Soete J., Van Noten K., El Desouky H., Marques Erthal M., Vanhaecke F., Özkul M., Swennen R. Sedimentology, three-dimensional geobody reconstruction and carbon dioxide origin of Pleistocene travertine deposits in the Ballık area (south-west Turkey). Sedimentology, 2015, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1408-1445. DOI: 10.1111/sed.12188
Datta P.S., Tyagi S.K. Major ion chemistry of groundwater in Delhi area: Chemical weathering processes and groundwater regime. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 1996, vol. 47, P. 179-188. DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/1996/470205
Eftekharnejad J. Classification of different parts of Iran based on structural characteristics in relation to sedimentary basins. Journal of the Petroleum Association, 1980, no. 82, pp. 19-28 (In Persian).
Ford T.D., Pedley H.M. A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world. Earth Science Review, 1996, vol. 4, pp. 117-175. DOI: 10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X
Garcia F., Pla-Pueyo S., Nieto L.M. Sedimentalogy of geomorphologically controlled Quaternary tufas in a valley in southern Spain. Facies, 2014, vol. 60, pp. 53-72. DOI: 10.1007/s10347-013-0361-5
Garrels R.M., Mackenzie F.T. Evolution of sedimentary rocks. 1st ed. New York: Norton, 1971, XVI, 397 p.
Goudarzi Zadeh A., Khan Nasra Esfahani A., Kangazian A. Lithostratigraphic correspondence of travertines of Mount Takhte Sorkh in Ardestan and north of the village of Vertun, northeast of Isfahan. Second Conference on Earth Sciences, Ashtian, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian Branch, 2011, pp. 147-154 (In Persian).
Hounslow A.W. Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. Florida: CRC Press LLC, 1995, 416 p.
Jalali M. Stalinization of groundwater in arid and semi-arid zones: an example Tajarak, western Iran. Environment Geology, 2007, vol. 52, pp. 1133-1149. DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0551-3
Karimpour M.H., Stern C.R., Farmer G.L. Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Sr–Nd isotope analyses, and petrogenetic study of the Dehnow diorite and Kuhsangi granodiorite (Paleo-Tethys), NE Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2010, vol. 37, pp. 384-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.11.001
Kele S., Özkul M., Gökgöz A., Fórizs I., Baykara M.O., Alçiçek M.C., Németh T. Stable isotope geochemical study of Pamukkale travertines: new evidence of low temperature non-equilibrium calcite-water fractionation. Sedimentary Geology, 2011, vol. 238, pp. 191-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.04.015
Leybourne M.I., Betcher R.N., Mcritchie W.D., Kaszycki C.A., Boyle D.R. Geochemistry and stable isotopic composition of tufa waters and precipitates from the Interlake Region, Manitoba, Canada: Constraints on groundwater origin, calcitization, and tufa formation. Chemical Geology, 2009, vol. 260, pp. 221-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.024
Mansori Daneshvar M.R., Pourali M. Hydrogeochemical and geomorphological investigation of travertine deposition in the Garab Spring region, NE Iran. Sustainability of integrated water resources management, 2015, vol. 1, pp. 253-262. DOI: 10.1007/s40899-015-0021-8
Mohammadi A., Kazemi G.A. Influence of geological formations on groundwater quality in the Shoghan Plain aquifer (North Khorasan). Earth Sciences, 2011, no. 90, pp. 55-62 (In Persian).
Mor M., Roshanak R., Keshavarzi B. Morphological and petrographic study of travertine deposits around of Qarveh, Bijar, and Takab. 16th Conference of the Geological Society of Iran, Shiraz, Geological Society of Iran, Shiraz University, 2012, pp. 1-8 (In Persian).
Nakhaei M. Introduction to Groundwater. Arad Publishing, 2nd edition, 2012, 183 p. (In Persian).
Narayanan Nair V. Hydrochemical modeling. Proceedings of the International NGRI Symposium, Hyderabad, 1989, vol. 7, pp. 903-906.
Piper A.M. A graphical interpretation of water analysis. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1944, vol. 25, issue 6, pp. 914-928. DOI: 10.1029/TR025i006p00914
Rahmani Javanmard S., Tooti F., Omidian P., Ranjbaran M. Mineralogy and genesis of ridge-rift type travertines and Abe-esk veins based on petrographic studies and carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses. Iranian Geological Quarterly, 2012, no. 11, pp. 51-61.
Ritter S.M., Isenbeck-Schröter M., Schröder-Ritzrau A., Scholz C., Frank N. Geochemical insights into an active calcareous tufa depositing system in Southern Germany. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2017, vol. 17, pp. 328-331. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.083
Ronchi P., Cruciani F. Continental carbonates as a hydrocarbon reservoir, an analog case study from the travertine of Saturnia, Italy. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 711-734. DOI: 10.1306/10021414026
Shuster E.T., White W.B. Seasonal fluctuations in the chemistry of limestone springs, a possible means for characterizing carbonate aquifer. Journal of Hydrogeology, 1971, vol. 14, pp. 93-128. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1694(71)90001-1
Soete J., Kleipool L.M., Claes H., Claes S., Hamaekers H., Kele S., Özkul M., Foubert A., Reijmer J.J.G., Swennen R. Acoustic properties in travertines and their relation to porosity and pore types. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, vol. 59, pp. 320-335. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.09.004
Szramek K., McIntosh J.C., Williams E.L., Kanduc T., Ogrinc N., Walter L.M. Relative weathering intensity of calcite versus dolomite in carbonate‐bearing temperate zone watersheds: Carbonate geochemistry and fluxes from catchments within the St. Lawrence and Danube River basins. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2007, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1-26. DOI: 10.1029/2006GC001337
Taherpour Khalil Abad M., Conrad M.A., Aryaei A.A., Ashouri A.R. Barremian-Aptian Dasycladalean algae, new and revisited, from the Tirgan Formation in the Kopet Dagh, NE Iran. Notebooks on Geology, 2010, no. 5, pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.4267/2042/33368
Wright P., Tosca N. A geochemical model for the formation of the pre-salt reservoirs, Santos Basin, Brazil: implications for understanding reservoir distribution. AAPG Search and Discovery, 2016, June 19-22, Article 51304.
Zeraatkar K., Rahimi B. Survey of Sangbast-Shandiz fault zone growth and geomorphological results. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 2013, vol. 10, is. 2, no. 19. DOI: 10.22067/geography. v0i0.23246
Geological simulation and issues of petroleum fields development
| Article # 29_2023 | submitted on 07/04/2023 displayed on website on 08/10/2023 |
| 11 p. | Goleij F. |
| Sequence stratigraphy based on Kazhdumi Formation logging data, Southwest of Iran | |
| *The article is presented in English. The Albian to Campanian sequences (Kazhdumi, Sarvak, Surgah and Ilam Formations) in Zagros basin belong to the Bangestan Group. Kazhdumi Formation with the Albian age in this basin has a particular importance due to its hydrocarbon generation potential in most of Iran's oil fields. In this research, we calculated the shale volume based on two methods: linear method and neutron porosity cross-plots. From these two results, we choose the minimum value due to: Fundamentals of Log Interpretation. The shale volume in two wells 1 and 2 in the Azadegan oil field in the north of the Dezful structural zone has been calculated using gamma ray log and neutron-density and neutron-porosity cross plot. The sequence stratigraphic analysis by the Pruned Exact Linear Time algorithm of the studied sedimentary rocks in two wells shows that the Kazhdumi Formation in wells 1 and 2 consists of 69 and 76 sedimentary sequences of the 5th order, respectively. This sedimentary sequence includes transgressive sequence systems tracts, highstand systems tract and low stand systems tract. Keywords: Kazhdumi Formation, Azadegan oil field, Pruned Exact Linear Time algorithm, sequence stratigraphy, transgressive sequence systems tracts, highstand systems tract, low stand systems tract, Southwest of Iran. |
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| article citation | Goleij F. Sequence stratigraphy based on Kazhdumi Formation logging data, Southwest of Iran. Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya I Praktika, 2023, vol. 18, no. 3, available at: http://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2023/29_2023.html EDN: KXKZRO |
References
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Ainsworth R.B., Vakarelov B.K., Nanson R. Dynamic spatial and temporal prediction of changes in depositional processes on clastic shorelines: toward improved subsurface uncertainty reduction and management, AAPG bulletin, 2011, no. 95(2). P. 267-297. DOI: 10.1306/06301010036
Alsharhan A., Kendall C.S.C. Cretaceous chronostratigraphy, unconformities and eustatic sealevel changes in the sediments of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Cretaceous Research, 1991, no. 12(4). P. 379-401.
Bordenave M., Burwood R. Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros orogenic belt: provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulations, Organic Geochemistry, 1990, no. 16(1-3). P. 369-387.
Bordenave M., Hegre J. Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2010, no. 330(1). P. 291-353. DOI: 10.1144/SP330.14
Caliński T., Harabasz J., A dendrite method for cluster analysis, Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods, 1974, no. 3(1). P. 1-27.
Colman-Sadd S. Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt, Southwest Iran, AAPG bulletin, 1978, no. 62(6). P. 984-1003.
Ghorbani M.A. Summary of Geology of Iran. In: The Economic Geology of Iran. Springer Geology. Springer, Dordrecht. 2013. P. 45-64. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0_2
Killick R., Fearnhead P., Eckley I.A. Optimal detection of changepoints with a linear computational cost, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2012, no. 107(500). P. 1590-1598. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2012.737745
Krzanowski W.J., Lai Y.A criterion for determining the number of groups in a data set using sum-of-squares clustering. Biometrics, 1988. P. 23-34.
Rousseeuw P.J. Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis, Journal of computational and applied mathematics, 1987, no. 20. P. 53-65.
Sharland P.R., Archer R., Casey D.M., Davies R.B., Hall S.H., Heward A.P., Horbury A.D., Simmons M.D. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy. GeoArabia Special Publication 2, Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 2001, 371 p.
Thorndike R. Who belongs in the family? Psychometrika. 1953, no. 18(4). P. 267-276.
Tibshirani R., Walther G., Hastie T. Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 2001, no. 63(2). P. 411-423.
Ainsworth R.B., Vakarelov B.K., Nanson R. Dynamic spatial and temporal prediction of changes in depositional processes on clastic shorelines: toward improved subsurface uncertainty reduction and management, AAPG bulletin, 2011, no. 95(2). P. 267-297. DOI: 10.1306/06301010036
Alsharhan A., Kendall C.S.C. Cretaceous chronostratigraphy, unconformities and eustatic sealevel changes in the sediments of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Cretaceous Research, 1991, no. 12(4). P. 379-401.
Bordenave M., Burwood R. Source rock distribution and maturation in the Zagros orogenic belt: provenance of the Asmari and Bangestan reservoir oil accumulations, Organic Geochemistry, 1990, no. 16(1-3). P. 369-387.
Bordenave M., Hegre J. Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2010, no. 330(1). P. 291-353. DOI: 10.1144/SP330.14
Caliński T., Harabasz J., A dendrite method for cluster analysis, Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods, 1974, no. 3(1). P. 1-27.
Colman-Sadd S. Fold development in Zagros simply folded belt, Southwest Iran, AAPG bulletin, 1978, no. 62(6). P. 984-1003.
Ghorbani M.A. Summary of Geology of Iran. In: The Economic Geology of Iran. Springer Geology. Springer, Dordrecht. 2013. P. 45-64. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0_2
Killick R., Fearnhead P., Eckley I.A. Optimal detection of changepoints with a linear computational cost, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2012, no. 107(500). P. 1590-1598. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2012.737745
Krzanowski W.J., Lai Y.A criterion for determining the number of groups in a data set using sum-of-squares clustering. Biometrics, 1988. P. 23-34.
Rousseeuw P.J. Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis, Journal of computational and applied mathematics, 1987, no. 20. P. 53-65.
Sharland P.R., Archer R., Casey D.M., Davies R.B., Hall S.H., Heward A.P., Horbury A.D., Simmons M.D. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy. GeoArabia Special Publication 2, Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 2001, 371 p.
Thorndike R. Who belongs in the family? Psychometrika. 1953, no. 18(4). P. 267-276.
Tibshirani R., Walther G., Hastie T. Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 2001, no. 63(2). P. 411-423.
Geological simulation and issues of petroleum fields development
| Article # 49_2022 | submitted on 11/30/2022 displayed on website on 12/22/2022 |
| 9 p. | Goleij F. |
| Modeling the effect of fracture orientation on porus media anisotropy using the T-matrix method | |
| *The article is presented in English. Fracture orientation is crucial in porous media anisotropy. In the current study we investigate the role of fracture orientation based on a novel Rock Physics method - the T-matrix approach. This method allows us to study the fracture porosity, shape and orientation together with the minerals volumetric and morphological characteristics. In the first part of this paper, we assume that the considered system consists of a set of aligned, penny-shaped fractures. To include the fracture's spatial alignment, we use the Euler angles. The sensitivity of the stiffness components on the main diagonal of the stiffness matrix along the extended Thompson parameters to the fracture orientation change was investigated. Based on the obtained results we concluded that the effect of fracture orientation on the anisotropy of the system can be explained by introducing a hypothetical qualitative parameter called the fracture projection cross-sectional area on the three perpendicular planes (x1, x2 and x3). We developed three basic rules to describe how fracture alignment controls this hypothetical parameter. Keywords: аnisotropy, T-matrix method, Euler angles, stiffness matrix, fracture orientation. |
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| article citation | Goleij F. Modeling the effect of fracture orientation on porus media anisotropy using the T-matrix method. Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya I Praktika, 2022, vol. 17, no. 4, available at: http://www.ngtp.ru/rub/2022/49_2022.html |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.17353/2070-5379/49_2022 |
References
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Tsvankin I. Normal moveout from dipping reflectors in anisotropic media. Geophysics, 1995, no. 60, pp. 268-284.
Zheng Y., Todorovic-Marinic D., Larson G. Seismic fracture detection: ambiguity and practical solution. SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, 10-15 October 2004, 4 p. http://geo-x.com/pdf/SeismSeismic_Fracture_Detection_Ambiguity_and_ practical_solution.pdf
Budiansky B., O'Connell R.J. Elastic moduli of a cracked solid. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1976, no. 12, pp. 81-97.
Fang X., Fehler M.C., Zhu Z., Zheng Y., Burns D.R. Reservoir fracture characterization from seismic scattered waves. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, no. 196, pp. 481-492.
Fedorov F.I. General Theory of Elastic Waves in Crystals Based on Comparison with an Isotropic Medium. in Theory of Elastic Waves in Crystals, 1968, ed. Fedorov F. I. Springer US, Boston, MA. pp. 169-209.
Grechka V., Contreras P., Tsvankin I. Inversion of normal moveout for monoclinic medial. 2000, Geophysical Prospecting, no. 48, vol. 3, pp. 577-602.
Hashin Z., Shtrikman S. A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials. Journal of Mechanics Physics of Solids, 1963, no. 11, pp. 127.
Hudson J.A. Overall properties of a cracked solid. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2008, no. 88, pp. 371-384.
Jakobsen M., Hudson J.A., Johansen T.A. T-matrix approach to shale acoustics. Geophysical Journal International, 2003, no. 154, pp. 533-558.
Kachanov M., Sevostianov I. Property Contribution Tensors of Inhomogeneities. In Micromechanics of Materials, with Applications, 2018, eds. Kachanov, M. & Sevostianov, I. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 189-314.
Kachanov M., Tsukrov I., Shafiro B. Effective Moduli of Solids With Cavities of Various Shapes. Applied Mechanics Reviews - APPL MECH REV, 1994, pp. 47.
Schoenberg M., Sayers C.M. Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock. Geophysics, 1995, no. 60, pp. 204-211.
Shermergor T.D. Teoriya uprugosti mikroneodnorodnykh sred [Theory of elasticity of micro inhomogeneous media]. Moscow: Nauka, 1977, 399 p.
Tsvankin I. Anisotropic parameters and P-wave velocity for orthorhombic media. Geophysics, 1997, no. 62, pp. 1292-1309.
Tsvankin I. Normal moveout from dipping reflectors in anisotropic media. Geophysics, 1995, no. 60, pp. 268-284.
Zheng Y., Todorovic-Marinic D., Larson G. Seismic fracture detection: ambiguity and practical solution. SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, 10-15 October 2004, 4 p. http://geo-x.com/pdf/SeismSeismic_Fracture_Detection_Ambiguity_and_ practical_solution.pdf